He also directed experiments on Roma (Gypsies), as did Werner Fischer at Sachsenhausen, to determine how different "races" withstood various contagious diseases. The most infamous were the experiments of Josef Mengele on twins of all ages at Auschwitz. Experiments to advance Nazi racial and ideological goalsĪ third category of medical experimentation sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi worldview. At Natzweiler and Sachsenhausen, prisoners were exposed to phosgene and mustard gas in order to test possible antidotes.ģ. Physicians at Ravensbrück conducted experiments in bone-grafting and tested newly developed sulfa (sulfanilamide) drugs. At the German concentration camps of Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Natzweiler, Buchenwald, and Neuengamme, scientists used camp inmates t o test immunization compounds and antibodies for the prevention and treatment of contagious diseases, including malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and infectious hepatitis. Other experiments aimed to develop and test drugs and treatment methods for injuries and illnesses which German military and occupation personnel encountered in the field. Prisoners were also used to test various methods of making seawater drinkable.Ģ. S cientists there also carried out so-called freezing experiments on prisoners to find an effective treatment for hypothermia. For example, at Dachau, physicians from the German air force and from the German Experimental Institution for Aviation conducted high-altitude experiments on prisoners to determine the maximum altitude from which crews of damaged aircraft could parachute to safety. Many experiments in the camps intended to facilitat e the survival of Axis military personnel in the field. Experiments dealing with the survival of military personnel Unethical medical experimentation (without patient consent or any safeguards) carried out during the Third Reich may be divided into three categories.ġ. These policies began with the mass sterilization of many people in hospitals and other institutions and ended with the near annihilation of European Jewry. From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany carried out a campaign to "cleanse" German society of individuals viewed as biological threats to the nation's "health." The Nazis enlisted the help of physicians and medically trained geneticists, psychiatrists, and anthropologists to develop racial health policies.
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