![]() ![]() A major goal of these efforts was the development and integration of open source alternatives for a truly open source SimVascular project. To overcome the above barriers, the SimVascular revitalization project was launched in 2013. Moreover, the infrastructure for continued software development was lacking as well as necessary features for wider use. However, the need for commercial components and licenses previously hindered new user adoption and prevented complete open source release. ![]() The software was released in 2007, under a team including some of the present co-authors, and remained the only software package for cardiovascular simulation that includes the entire pipeline from model construction to simulation analysis. SimVascular provides boundary conditions that achieve physiologic levels of pressure, fluid structure interaction, and a highly accurate and efficient finite element flow solver. The software package SimVascular was originally developed in the lab of Charles Taylor at Stanford University to provide a complete pipeline from medical image data segmentation to patient specific blood flow simulation and analysis. And while numerous CFD packages exist, most are not designed to accommodate the sophisticated boundary conditions, physiologic models and physics specific to cardiovascular modeling. ![]() While numerous image processing software packages exist, most are not designed to generate computer models well-suited for simulation purposes. Image processing is used to construct a vascular model that is then imported into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package to generate a volumetric mesh and numerically simulate blood flow. 61 In most image-based modeling applications, 3D angiographic data obtained from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to construct a geometric model of a vascular region. Indeed, HeartFlow recently introduced the first FDA-approved simulation-based service for routine clinical evaluation of coronary stenoses. Image-based blood flow modeling was pioneered in the late 1990s and early 2000s 23, 39, 40, 48, 60, 62 and, in the years since, has proven to be a powerful tool in basic science and clinical research. These simulations can now provide a means to perform patient-specific treatment planning, virtual surgery and design optimization. Moreover, because the role of hemodynamics in any disease scenario is highly individualized, medical imaging and clinical data often forms the basis for patient-specific numerical simulations. Advanced numerical methods are enabling increasingly realistic representations of cardiovascular physiology. Simulation-based methods can provide a powerful framework in this regard. While qualitative understanding and correlations are well documented, 14, 28, 33, 41, 45, 68 precise knowledge of hemodynamic conditions is needed to quantify risk and evaluate mechanisms. The relationships between hemodynamics and cardiovascular diseases are subtle and multifaceted. Central to both the causes and consequences of cardiovascular disease are local and regional disruptions in blood flow. These developments foster advances in cardiovascular modeling research, increased collaboration, standardization of methods, and a growing developer community.Ĭardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Moreover, SimVascular previously required several licensed components that hindered new user adoption and code management and our recent developments have replaced these commercial components to create a fully open source pipeline. The SimVascular software has recently been refactored and expanded to enhance functionality, usability, efficiency and accuracy of image-based patient-specific modeling tools. This package serves as a research tool for cardiovascular modeling and simulation, and has contributed to numerous advances in personalized medicine, surgical planning and medical device design. In this paper we discuss the recent development of a fully open-source SimVascular software package, which provides a complete pipeline from medical image data segmentation to patient-specific blood flow simulation and analysis. Patient-specific cardiovascular simulation has become a paradigm in cardiovascular research and is emerging as a powerful tool in basic, translational and clinical research. ![]()
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